Nov 16, · Bernhard Lang / Getty Images. There are a number of special style concerns for referencing electronic sources in APA format. Online documents, journal articles, databases, and message boards all have unique referencing requirements. It is important to note the exact web address on any online source you use Mar 15, · To cite your electronic sources in text, use the APA guidelines for print sources. For direct quotation of a specific passage, cite author, date, page (Anakwe, Igbaria, & Anandarajan, , p. 2) or According to Anakwe, Igbaria, and Anandarajan (), “Most management research is Jan 04, · Reference List: Electronic Sources. Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here. Important Note: Some electronic citations necessitate the use of brackets. APA style dictates that brackets should directly surround their content without spaces (e.g.,
Electronic Sources in APA Format
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All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual i.
The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here. Important Note: Some electronic citations necessitate the use of brackets. APA style dictates that brackets should directly surround their content without spaces e.
When possible, include the year, month, and date in references. If the month and date are not available, use the year of publication. Including the retrieval date for these sources indicates to readers that the version of the work they retrieve may be different than what was originally used.
Please note: the following contains a list of the most commonly cited electronic sources. For a complete list of how to cite electronic sources, please refer to the 7 th edition of the APA Publication Manual. Price, D. Laziness does not exist. Additionally, apa citation format for electronic sources, if the author and site name are the same, omit the site name from the citation.
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Apa citation format for electronic sources served: Case closed for over 40 dogfighting victims. If the page's author is not listed, start with the title instead, apa citation format for electronic sources. Additionally, include a retrieval date when the page's content is likely to change over time like, for instance, if you're citing a wiki that is publicly edited.
Title of page. Year, Month Date. Site name. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL. Tuscan white bean pasta. Author or Group name. Site name if applicable. National Alliance on Mental Illness. Mental health conditions.
APA 7 treats Wikipedia articles as special instances of entries in reference works. Thus, there are a few differences between reference entries for pages on Wikipedia and those for generic webpages. Title of article. In Wikipedia. URL of archived version of page. Quantum mechanics. Wikipedia articles often update frequently. For this reason, the date refers to the date that the cited version of the page was published.
Note also that the manual recommends linking to the archived version of the page, rather than the current version of the page on the site, since the latter can change over time. Please note: Because online materials can apa citation format for electronic sources change URLs, APA recommends providing a Digital Object Identifier DOIwhen it is available, as opposed to the URL.
DOIs are an attempt to provide stable, long-lasting links for online articles. They are unique to their documents and consist of a long alphanumeric code. Many—but not all—publishers will provide an article's DOI on the first page of the document.
Note also that some online bibliographies provide an article's DOI but may "hide" the code under a button which may read "Article" or apa citation format for electronic sources be an abbreviation of a vendor's name like "CrossRef" or "PubMed.
Find DOIs from print publications or ones that go to dead links with doi. org's "Resolve a DOI" function, apa citation format for electronic sources, available on the site's home page. APA 7 also advises writers to include a DOI if availableeven when using the print source.
Lastname, F. Title of Periodical, Vol. Issuepage numbers. Drollinger, T. Development and validation of the active empathetic listening scale. If an online scholarly journal article has no DOI and is published on a website, include the URL. If an online scholarly article has no DOI and is published on a database, do not include a URL or any database information.
The only exception is for databases that publish articles that are in limited circulation like ERIC or that are only available on that particular database like UpToDate. Note that retrieval dates are required for unarchived sources that are likely, or intended, to change over time. Perreault, L. Obesity in adults: Apa citation format for electronic sources of physical activity and exercise.
APA 7 th edition does not provide guidance on how to cite abstracts. However, if you only use information from the abstract but the full text of the article is also available, we advise you to add "[Abstract]" after the article or source name. If the full text is not available, you may use an abstract that is available through an abstracts database as a secondary source.
Note: The format for this type of source depends on whether your source comes from a site with an associated newspaper. If the source does come from a site with an associated newspaper, leave the title of the article unformatted, but italicize the title of the newspaper. Title of Publication. Richards, C. Best music of Lana Del Rey sings lullabies about the end of America. Washington Post. On the other hand, if the source doesn't come from a site with an associated newspaper, italicize the title of the article, but leave the name of the site unformatted.
Name of publishing website. Jones, J. Why flats dominate Spain's housing market. It is not necessary to note that you have used an eBook or audiobook when the content is the same as a physical book. However, you should distinguish between the eBook or audiobook and the print version if the content is different or abridged, or if you would like to cite the narrator of an audiobook. Title of book [eBook edition]. Title of book N. Narrator, Narr. URL if applicable. Title of dissertation or thesis Publication No.
Database Name. Duis, J. Publication No. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. Note: An online dictionary, thesaurus, apa citation format for electronic sources, or encyclopedia may be continuously updated and therefore not include a publication apa citation format for electronic sources like in the example below.
Institution or organization name. Title of entry. In Title of reference work. In Merriam-Webster. com dictionary. Lastname ed. URL or DOI. Martin, M. McNeely EdsEncyclopedia of big data. Note: If the dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia does not include an edition, simply skip that step.
or Name of Group Year. Title of dataset Version No. DOI or URL. Grantmakers in the Arts. Arts funding trends, United States, present ICPSR [Data set]. Give the name of the organization or individual followed by the date and the title.
APA Referencing: Electronic Sources
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Jan 04, · Reference List: Electronic Sources. Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here. Important Note: Some electronic citations necessitate the use of brackets. APA style dictates that brackets should directly surround their content without spaces (e.g., *Citations in Text of Electronic Material* The following excerpts are from the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (, p. ). To cite a direct quote give the author, year, and page number in parentheses. Because many electronic sources do not provide page numbers, cite the paragraph number blogger.com Size: KB Nov 16, · Bernhard Lang / Getty Images. There are a number of special style concerns for referencing electronic sources in APA format. Online documents, journal articles, databases, and message boards all have unique referencing requirements. It is important to note the exact web address on any online source you use
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